esteem in which he was held by his fellow geologists； that Darwin remained on the Council for 14 consecutive years down to 1849； though his attendances were in some years very few。 In 1843 and 1844 he was a Vice… president； but after his retirement at the beginning of 1850； he never again accepted re…nomination。 He continued； however； to contribute papers to the Society； as we shall see； down to the end of 1862。
Although Darwin early became a member of the Geological Dining Club； it is to be feared that he scarcely found himself in a congenial atmosphere at those somewhat hilarious gatherings； where the hardy wielders of the hammer not only drank portand plenty of itbut wound up their meal with a mixture of Scotch ale and soda water； a drink which； as reminiscent of the 〃field；〃 was regarded as especially appropriate to geologists。 Even after the meetings； which followed the dinners； they reassembled for suppers； at which geological dainties； like 〃pterodactyle pie〃 figured in the bill of fare； and fines of bumpers were inflicted on those who talked the 〃ologies。〃
After being present at a fair number of meetings in 1837 and 1838； Darwin's attendances at the Club fell off to two in 1839； and by 1841 he had ceased to be a member。 In a letter to Lyell on Dec。 2nd； 1841； Leonard Horner wrote that the day before 〃At the Council； I had the satisfaction of seeing Darwin again in his place and looking well。 He tried the last evening meeting； but found it too much； but I hope before the end of the season he will find himself equal to that also。 I hail Darwin's recovery as a vast gain to science。〃 Darwin's probably last attendance； this time as a guest； was in 1851； when Horner again wrote to Lyell； 〃Charles Darwin was at the Geological Society's Club yesterday； where he had not been for ten years remarkably well； and grown quite stout。〃 （〃Memoirs of Leonard Horner〃 （privately printed）； Vol。 II。 pages 39 and 195。）
It may be interesting to note that at the somewhat less lively dining Club… …the Philosophicalin the founding of which his friends Lyell and Hooker had taken so active a part； Darwin found himself more at home； and he was a frequent attendantin spite of his residence being at Downfrom 1853 to 1864。 He even made contributions on scientific questions after these dinners。 In a letter to Hooker he states that he was deeply interested in the reforms of the Royal Society； which the Club was founded to promote。 He says also that he had arranged to come to town every Club day 〃and then my head； I think； will allow me on an average to go to every other meeting。 But it is grievous how often any change knocks me up。〃 （〃L。L。〃 II。 pages 42； 43。）
Of the years 1837 and 1838 Darwin himself says they were 〃the most active ones which I ever spent； though I was occasionally unwell； and so lost some time。。。I also went a little into society。〃 （〃L。L。〃 I。 pages 67； 68。） But of the four years from 1839 to 1842 he has to confess sadly 〃I did less scientific work； though I worked as hard as I could； than during any other equal length of time in my life。 This was owing to frequently recurring unwellness； and to one long and serious illness。〃 （〃L。L。〃 I。 page 69。）
Darwin's work at the Geological Society did not by any means engage the whole of his energies； during the active years 1837 and 1838。 In June of the latter year； leaving town in somewhat bad health； he found himself at Edinburgh again； and engaged in examining the Salisbury Craigs； in a very different spirit to that excited by Jameson's discourse。 （〃L。L。〃 I。 page 290。） Proceeding to the Highlands he then had eight days of hard work at the famous 〃Parallel Roads of Glen Roy〃； being favoured with glorious weather。
He says of the writing of the paper on the subjectthe only memoir contributed by Darwin to the Royal Society； to which he had been recently electedthat it was 〃one of the most difficult and instructive tasks I was ever engaged on。〃 The paper extends to 40 quarto pages and is illustrated by two plates。 Though it is full of the records of careful observation and acute reasoning； yet the theory of marine beaches which he propounded was； as he candidly admitted in after years （〃M。L。〃 II page 188。）； altogether wrong。 The alternative lake…theory he found himself unable to accept at the time； for he could not understand how barriers could be formed at successive levels across the valleys； and until the following year； when the existence of great glaciers in the district was proved by the researches of Agassiz； Buckland and others； the difficulty appeared to him an insuperable one。 Although Darwin said of this paper in after years that it 〃was a great failure and I am ashamed of it〃yet he retained his interest in the question ever afterwards； and he says 〃my error has been a good lesson to me never to trust in science to the principle of exclusion。〃 （〃M。L。〃 II。 pages 171…93。）
Although Darwin had not realised in 1838 that large parts of the British Islands had been occupied by great glaciers； he had by no means failed while in South America to recognise the importance of ice…action。 His observations； as recorded in his Journal； on glaciers coming down to the sea…level； on the west coast of South America； in a latitude corresponding to a much lower one than that of the British Islands； profoundly interested geologists； and the same work contains many valuable notes on the boulders and unstratified beds in South America in which they were included。
But in 1840 Agassiz read his startling paper on the evidence of the former existence of glaciers in the British Islands； and this was followed by Buckland's memoir on the same subject。 On April 14； 1841； Darwin contributed to the Geological Society his important paper 〃On the Distribution of Erratic Boulders and the Contemporaneous Unstratified Deposits of South America〃； a paper full of suggestiveness for those studying the glacial deposits of this country。 It was published in the 〃Transactions〃 in 1842。
The description of traces of glacial action in North Wales； by Buckland； appears to have greatly excited the interest of Darwin。 With Sedgwick he had； in 1831； worked at the stratigraphy of that district； but neither of them had noticed the very interesting surface features。 （〃L。L。〃 I。 page 58。） Darwin was able to make a journey to North Wales in June； 1842 （alas！ it was his last effort in field…geology） and as a result he published his most able and convincing paper on the subject in the September number of the 〃Philosophical Magazine〃 for 1842。 Thus the mystery of the bell…stone was at last solved and Darwin； writing many years afterwards； said 〃I felt the keenest delight when I first read of the action of icebergs in transporting boulders； and I gloried in the progress of Geology。〃 （〃L。L。〃 I。 page 41。） To the 〃Geographical Journal〃 he had sent in 1839 a note 〃On a Rock seen on an Iceberg in 16 deg S。 Latitude。〃 For the subject of ice… action； indeed； Darwin retained the greatest interest to the end of his life。 （〃M。L。〃 II。 pages 148…71。）
In 1846； Darwin read two papers to the Geological Society 〃On the dust which falls on vessels in the Atlantic； and On the Geology of the Falkland Islands〃； in 1848 he contributed a note on the transport of boulders from lower to higher levels； and in 1862 another note on the thickness of the Pampean formation； as shown by recent borings at Buenos Ayres。 An account of the 〃British Fossil Lepadidae〃 read in 1850； was withdrawn by him。
At the end of 1836 Darwin had settled himself in lodgings in Fitzwilliam Street； Cambridge； and devoted three months to the work of unpacking his specimens and studying his collection of rocks。 The pencilled notes on the Manuscript Catalogue in the Sedgwick Museum enable us to realise his mode of work； and the diligence with which it was carried on。 The letters M and H； indicate the assistance he received from time to time from Professor Miller； the crystallographer； and from his friend Henslow。 Miller not only measured many of the crystals submitted to him； but evidently taught Darwin to use the reflecting goniometer himself with considerable success。 The 〃book of measurements〃 in which the records were kept； appears to have been lost； but the pencilled notes in the catalogue show how thoroughly the work was done。 The letter R attached to some of the numbers in the catalogue evidently refers to the fact that they were submitted to Mr Trenham Reeks （who analysed some of his specimens） at the Geological Survey quarters in Craig's Court。 This was at a later date when Darwin was writing the 〃Volcanic Islands〃 and 〃South America〃。
It was about the month of March； 1837； that Darwin completed this work upon his rocks； and also the unpacking and distribution of his fossil bones and other specimens。 We have seen that November； 1832； must certainly be regarded as the date when he FIRST realised the important fact that the fossil mammals of the Pampean formation were all closely related to the existing forms in South America； while October； 1835； was； as undoubtedly； the date when the study of the birds and other forms of life in the several islands of the Galapagos Islands gave him his SECOND impulse towards abandoning the prevalen